Días islámicos especiales 1448 AH

Estimada: martes, 16 de junio de 2026

The first day of Muharram opens the Hijri year, which is counted from the Prophet’s migration (hijrah) from Makkah to Madinah. It is a calendar marker rather than a festival: there is no prayer, fast or ritual established for the day itself, and no celebration was reported from the Prophet or his Companions. Some Muslim-majority countries observe it as a public holiday, and many people use it simply as a point to take stock of the year. Muharram is one of the four sacred months, so wrongdoing in it is treated as more serious and good deeds as weightier.

Estimada: miércoles, 24 de junio de 2026

Tasu’a is the ninth of Muharram, the day before Ashura. The Prophet said that if he lived to the following year he would fast the ninth as well as the tenth, and scholars understood this as a deliberate distinction from the practice of the Jewish community of Madinah, who fasted the tenth alone. On that basis most jurists consider it recommended to pair the ninth with the tenth; fasting the tenth on its own is still valid and rewarded, and some allow pairing the tenth with the eleventh instead.

Estimada: jueves, 25 de junio de 2026

Ashura is the tenth of Muharram. The Prophet fasted it and said of it that he hoped it would expiate the sins of the preceding year, and it was an obligatory fast for Muslims before the fast of Ramadan was revealed, after which it became voluntary. Sunni practice centres on this voluntary fast, usually joined to the ninth or the eleventh. Shia Muslims additionally observe Ashura as a day of mourning for the killing of Husayn ibn Ali at Karbala in 61 AH, with majalis (gatherings of remembrance) and processions; some mourning customs, particularly self-flagellation, are themselves rejected by many Shia scholars. The differing observances are long-standing and well known, and this page describes rather than adjudicates them.

Estimada: martes, 25 de agosto de 2026

Mawlid al-Nabi marks the birth of the Prophet Muhammad, dated by most Sunni accounts to 12 Rabi al-Awwal and by most Shia accounts to 17 Rabi al-Awwal; the historical evidence for the exact day is not decisive, and some scholars place the birth on the 9th. Muslims are genuinely divided on the observance. Many hold that gathering to recite the Prophet’s biography, poetry in his praise and to give charity is a praiseworthy expression of love for him; others, including the Salafi tradition and most Hanbali and Deobandi scholars, hold that no such annual observance existed in the first generations and therefore reject it as an innovation. Both positions are held by mainstream scholars, and it is a public holiday in a number of Muslim-majority countries and not marked at all in others.

Estimada: martes, 5 de enero de 2027

The Isra and Mi’raj is the night journey of the Prophet from Makkah to al-Masjid al-Aqsa and his ascension through the heavens, during which the five daily prayers were prescribed. The event itself is affirmed in the Qur’an and hadith, but its date is not firmly established: 27 Rajab is the date most commonly observed and the one used here, yet early scholars proposed dates in Rabi al-Awwal, Rabi al-Thani, Ramadan and Shawwal, and Ibn Taymiyyah and others held that no authentic report fixes the night at all. Consequently there is no fast or prayer specific to this night established in the sunnah, and scholars differ over whether commemorating it is recommended or an unfounded addition. Many communities hold lectures recounting the journey; others mark it not at all.

Estimada: sábado, 23 de enero de 2027

The fifteenth night of Sha’ban, called Laylat al-Bara’ah or Shab-e-Barat in South Asia and Turkey, is observed by many Muslims with night prayer, Qur’an recitation, seeking forgiveness and visiting graves. Scholars differ sharply on it: reports giving the night special merit are graded from acceptable to weak depending on the scholar, so some consider individual voluntary worship on it commendable, while others consider organised observance unfounded. There is broad agreement that fasting through Sha’ban generally was the Prophet’s habit, and that specifying the fifteenth day alone has weaker support. Where communities do observe it, the practice is private worship rather than festivity.

Estimada: lunes, 8 de febrero de 2027 (30 días)

Ramadan is the ninth Hijri month and the month of obligatory fasting: adult Muslims abstain from food, drink, smoking and marital relations from dawn (fajr) until sunset (maghrib). The month runs 29 or 30 days depending on the sighting of the new moon, so its length is not known in advance. The obligation is lifted for the ill, travellers, the elderly, and menstruating, pregnant or nursing women, with missed days made up later or, where fasting is permanently impossible, compensated by feeding the poor. Alongside fasting, the month is marked by increased Qur’an recitation, charity and the tarawih night prayers, and the last ten nights are commonly spent in i’tikaf (retreat in the mosque).

Estimada: sábado, 6 de marzo de 2027

Laylat al-Qadr, the Night of Decree, is described in the Qur’an as better than a thousand months, and it is the night on which the revelation of the Qur’an began. Its exact night is deliberately not disclosed: the Prophet instructed that it be sought in the odd nights of the last ten of Ramadan, which is why many communities single out the 27th, though the 21st, 23rd, 25th and 29th are all held to be candidates and some scholars hold it moves from year to year. Muslims mark it with extended night prayer, Qur’an recitation and du’a, and it is the reason the last ten nights are the most intensive part of the month. The 27th is used here as the conventional anchor date, not as a claim that it is definitively the night.

Estimada: martes, 9 de marzo de 2027

Eid al-Fitr falls on 1 Shawwal and marks the end of the Ramadan fast. The day begins with the Eid prayer, prayed in congregation in the morning, usually preceded by eating something sweet and by paying zakat al-fitr — a small measure of staple food or its value given to the poor, which must be paid before the prayer for it to count as zakat al-fitr. Fasting is forbidden on this day: it is a day of eating, family visits, gifts and reconciliation. Public holidays in Muslim-majority countries typically run for two to three days, though the Eid itself is the one day.

Estimada: miércoles, 10 de marzo de 2027 (6 días)

Fasting six voluntary days in Shawwal after Ramadan is reported to carry the reward of fasting the entire year, since a good deed is rewarded tenfold and thirty days plus six approximates a lunar year. They may be fasted consecutively from the second of Shawwal or spread across the month, and scholars differ on whether they should be delayed until missed Ramadan days are made up — the majority hold that making up obligatory days takes priority. They cannot be fasted on Eid al-Fitr itself. The anchor date here is the day after Eid, the earliest they may begin.

Estimada: jueves, 8 de abril de 2027

Four of the twelve Hijri months are sacred: Dhul Qa’dah, Dhul Hijjah and Muharram, which run consecutively, and Rajab, which stands alone. The Qur’an names them without listing them, and the listing above comes from the Prophet’s farewell sermon. In pre-Islamic Arabia fighting was suspended during these months so that pilgrimage and trade could proceed safely, and Islam retained that prohibition on initiating hostilities. Scholars commonly note that wrongdoing during these months is more serious and good deeds more weighty, but no additional ritual is prescribed for them beyond that heightened care. The anchor date here is the first of Dhul Qa’dah, where the consecutive run begins.

Estimada: viernes, 7 de mayo de 2027 (10 días)

The first ten days of Dhul Hijjah are described in hadith as the days in which righteous deeds are most beloved to God, and they contain both the rites of Hajj and the Day of Arafah. Muslims not on Hajj commonly mark them with voluntary fasting on some or all of the first nine days, extra charity, and increased dhikr — particularly the takbir, tahmid and tahlil recited aloud through these days. Anyone intending to offer the udhiyah (sacrifice) is advised by most scholars to refrain from cutting hair or nails from the start of the month until the sacrifice is made. The tenth day is Eid al-Adha, on which fasting is forbidden.

Estimada: viernes, 14 de mayo de 2027

The eighth of Dhul Hijjah is the first day of the Hajj rites, when pilgrims enter the state of ihram and travel from Makkah to the tent city of Mina, where they stay overnight before moving to Arafah the following morning. The name Tarwiyah is traditionally explained as referring to the day pilgrims took on water for the journey. For those not on Hajj it carries no specific ritual beyond the general merit of the first ten days, on which voluntary fasting is recommended.

Estimada: sábado, 15 de mayo de 2027

On 9 Dhul Hijjah pilgrims stand on the plain of Arafah from midday until sunset in supplication; this standing (wuquf) is the essential pillar of Hajj, and a pilgrim who misses it has not performed Hajj. For Muslims who are not on Hajj, fasting this day is strongly recommended, with the Prophet stating that he hoped it would expiate the sins of the year before and the year after. Pilgrims at Arafah themselves do not fast, following the Prophet’s practice on his farewell Hajj. Note that pilgrims follow the Saudi date, while Muslims elsewhere may fast on their own local 9 Dhul Hijjah, which can differ by a day — scholars accept both approaches.

Estimada: domingo, 16 de mayo de 2027

Eid al-Adha falls on 10 Dhul Hijjah and commemorates Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son and the ransom given in his place. The day starts with the Eid prayer, after which those who are able offer the udhiyah — the sacrifice of a sheep, goat, cow or camel — with the meat customarily divided between the household, relatives and the poor. Pilgrims on Hajj stone the largest pillar at Mina, offer their sacrifice, and shave or shorten their hair, leaving the state of ihram. Fasting is forbidden on this day, and the celebration continues through the three days of Tashriq that follow.

Estimada: lunes, 17 de mayo de 2027 (3 días)

The 11th, 12th and 13th of Dhul Hijjah are the days of Tashriq, described in hadith as days of eating, drinking and remembrance of God. Pilgrims spend them at Mina, stoning the three pillars each afternoon, and may depart after the 12th or stay for the 13th. Fasting on these days is forbidden, with one narrow exception recognised by scholars: a pilgrim performing tamattu’ or qiran who cannot obtain the sacrificial animal may fast them as part of the substitute fast. The takbir following each obligatory prayer continues through to the end of the 13th.

The White Days (Ayyam al-Beed) are the 13th, 14th and 15th of every Hijri month, named for the nights around the full moon when the night sky is bright. Fasting these three days each month is an established voluntary practice, and because a good deed is rewarded tenfold, three days a month is described as equivalent to fasting continuously. They are the most common way of keeping a regular monthly voluntary fast. In Dhul Hijjah the 13th falls within the days of Tashriq, when fasting is forbidden, so that month’s White Days are not fasted in full.

Fasting on Mondays and Thursdays is a weekly voluntary practice reported from the Prophet, who fasted these days regularly and connected them with deeds being presented before God. Monday is also reported as the day of his birth and of the beginning of revelation. Many Muslims keep one or both days as a year-round habit, alone or alongside the monthly White Days. As with all voluntary fasts, they are not fasted on the two Eids or the days of Tashriq.

Jumu’ah, Friday, is the weekly congregational day: the midday prayer is replaced by two sermons and a two-unit prayer prayed in congregation, obligatory on adult male Muslims who are resident and able to attend. It is described in hadith as the best day on which the sun rises, and common practices include bathing, wearing clean clothes, using fragrance, arriving early, reciting Surah al-Kahf and increasing prayers upon the Prophet. Note that Friday is not a fasting day in itself: singling out Friday alone for a voluntary fast is discouraged unless it is joined to the Thursday or Saturday, or coincides with a fast a person already keeps. Friday is a working day in much of the world, and workplace accommodation for the prayer is the usual practical concern.